Things Fall Apart Essay -- essays research papers

The book â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is a fictional look at the social and cultural life of an African tribe of the lower Niger River region. It depicts the every day life of the tribe and its members. It also shows the culture and customs of the tribe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book focuses on one of the tribe members, Okonkwo. He is a well respected member of the tribe. Okonkwo is a good example of a respected member of the tribe who also has great renown. He is known as a great wrestler and warrior of the nine villages of the tribe. He is a very powerful and influential member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the story, certain unfortunate events occur, preventing Okonkwo’s rise to the top. Those who knew his father knew him to be lazy and unmanly. This is something that Okonkwo would spend his life trying to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Okonkwo is depicted in the story to be a very strong and fearless man, ruling his household with a firm hand. He stifles any emotion that would make him seem weak or like a woman. He shows little affection toward his children and his wives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His greatest disappointment is the fact that his son is not turning out to be the man that Okonkwo wants him to be. He sees his father in his son, Nwoye, rather than himself. This is greatly displeasing to Okonkwo. This might be why Nwoye’s mother is never mentioned by name, since she produced a â€Å"woman† for a son. He does find that Ikeme... Things Fall Apart Essay -- essays research papers The book â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is a fictional look at the social and cultural life of an African tribe of the lower Niger River region. It depicts the every day life of the tribe and its members. It also shows the culture and customs of the tribe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book focuses on one of the tribe members, Okonkwo. He is a well respected member of the tribe. Okonkwo is a good example of a respected member of the tribe who also has great renown. He is known as a great wrestler and warrior of the nine villages of the tribe. He is a very powerful and influential member.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the story, certain unfortunate events occur, preventing Okonkwo’s rise to the top. Those who knew his father knew him to be lazy and unmanly. This is something that Okonkwo would spend his life trying to change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Okonkwo is depicted in the story to be a very strong and fearless man, ruling his household with a firm hand. He stifles any emotion that would make him seem weak or like a woman. He shows little affection toward his children and his wives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His greatest disappointment is the fact that his son is not turning out to be the man that Okonkwo wants him to be. He sees his father in his son, Nwoye, rather than himself. This is greatly displeasing to Okonkwo. This might be why Nwoye’s mother is never mentioned by name, since she produced a â€Å"woman† for a son. He does find that Ikeme...

Pattern people’s development Essay

2.3 Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practice. In this work I will refer to the main group of psychologists that are associated with child development and their consequent impact on the way we care for and teach our children. It is clearly a vast subject, but I hope to identify the most important theories and show how they are implemented in order to provide each child with the greatest chance of reaching their potential. Psychologists have spent whole lifetimes studying how we develop socially and emotionally. Some of the key theories are described below. Psychodynamic Theories Psychodynamic theories of personality are strongly influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud, and emphasise the influence of the unconscious mind and sometimes forgotten childhood experiences on personality. Psychodynamic theories include Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stage theory and Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Sigmun d Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for all needs and urges, while the superego for ideals and moral. The ego then moderates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality in order to produce a satisfactory conclusion or compromise. Erik Erikson discusses psychosocial stages, and believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depended upon successfully overcoming these conflicts He placed importance on the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasised the conflict between the id and the superego. According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves difficulties of a specifically social nature. This involves establishing trust in others, developing a sense of your own identity within society, and helping children prepare themselves for their future. Erikson furthers Freudian ideas by focusing on the ego as ever-changing and creative, and he believed that the stages of personality development continued throughout our lifespan. Behavioural Theories These suggest that personality is a result of interaction  between the individual and the environment. Behavioural theorists study observable and measurable behaviour, and reject theories that take internal thoughts and feelings into account. B.F.Skinner Skinner believed that children learn through experience or conditioning. He coined the term ‘operant conditioning’, meaning simply changing behaviour by the use of reinforcement which is given after the desired response. Neutral operants are responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behaviour being repeated. Reinforcers are either positive or negative responses from the environment that will increase the probability of that behaviour being repeated. Punishers are responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated. The punishment weakens the behaviour. As children we constantly try out different behaviours, and learnt from their consequences, sometimes the hard way! Positive rewards/reinforcements for good behaviour are the basis of many behaviour management techniques. Albert Bandura Bandura developed the idea of ‘modelling’ or social learning, based on the idea that children will instinctively copy the adults around them. Bandura’s experiment where children watched a film of adults hitting dolls suggests that children learn social behaviour such as aggression through the process of observation learning, i.e. by observing the behaviour of another person. This study has important implications for the effects of media violence on children, in that the learned aggression was seen as acceptable behaviour. There is much evidence that a child who witnesses or experiences violence at home may also develop aggressive behaviour. Conversely, a child who witnesses kind or thoughtful behaviour can be seen to develop these qualities because of their need to emulate the behaviour of familiar or significant others. Humanist theories These theories emphasise the notion of free will and individual experiences in the development of personality. Humanist theorists put forward the concept of self-actualisation, defined as an inherent need for personal advancement that will motivate and influence behaviour Abraham Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. His theory was that individuals possess motivational  ideas that are not linked to rewards or unconscious desires. In 1943, Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs, when one of those needs is fulfilled, that person will move on to fulfil the next and carries on in this way. The original ‘hierarchy of needs’ five-stage model is as follows; 1. Biological and Physiological needs- air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep. 2. Safety needs – protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, and freedom from fear. 3. Social Needs – belonging, affection and love, from family, friends, romantic relationships, work colleagues. 4. Esteem needs – achievement, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, and respect from others. 5. Self-Actualisation needs – fulfilment of personal potential, seeking personal growth and ultimate experiences. Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow, but added that for a person to â€Å"grow†, they also needed an environment providing them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (to be viewed with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood).Without these, Rogers thought that relationships and healthy personalities would not develop as they should, and likened this to a tree being unable to grow without sunl ight and water. Rogers also believed that every person has the ability to achieve their goals, wishes and desires in life. Self-actualisation was the term that was used to describe this pinnacle of development. Biological theories This theory puts forward that genetics are responsible for personality. Research on’ heritability’ (defined as ‘the extent to which genetic individual differences contribute to individual differences in observed behaviour’) suggests that there is a link between genetics and personality traits. Psychologists in this area assume that behaviour and experiences are caused by activity in the nervous system of the body. Things that people think, feel, say and do are caused by  electrochemical events occurring within and between the neurones that make up their nervous system, in particular those in the brain. Because the development of the brain is determined (at least partly) by genes we have inherited, then it seems reasonable to assume that behaviour could be seen to be influenced by genetic factors. Our inherited genes are also thought to be the result of evolution, so psychologists in this area also reason that behavioural and psychological characteristics may have evolutionary origins. Hans Eysenck linked aspects of personality to biological progressions, for instance he proposed that introverted people had a high level of brain arousal, leading them to avoid stimulation. Conversely Eysenck believed extroverts had lower levels of brain arousal, which led them to seek out exciting experiences. Social psychologists argue that behavioural reasoning is almost impossible without reference to relationships with others, and also suggest that culture, especially that of social learning and language, has a critical impact on thought and behaviour. It could be said that the biological approach to behaviour focuses on genetic and biological influences to the exclusion of social and cultural influences. However, the biological approach has contributed an enormous amount to our understanding of the fundamental processes of behaviour, and has provided explanations for a range of psychological disorders such as depression. Cognitive theories Cognitive psychology focuses on the way in which we process information, then looks at how we treat the information, or stimuli, and finally how this treatment leads to our response. There is a great interest in the variables that connect stimulus/input and response/output. Cognitive psychologists study these internal processes including perception, attention, language, memory and thinking, resulting in a huge amount of research into how children develop intellectual skills. Jean Piaget Piaget showed that intelligence is the result of a natural sequence of stages and that it develops as a result of the changing interaction between the child and its environment. Children are born with a basic and genetically inherited mental formation on which all subsequent knowledge and learning is based. Piaget became intrigued with the  reasons children gave for their wrong answers on the questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important differ ences between the thinking of adults and children, the common assumption in psychology was that children are less competent thinkers than adults, but Piaget showed that young children simply think in a completely different way. Piaget’s theory differs from others in that he is only concerned with children, rather than all learners, and focuses purely on development. Children construct an understanding of their environment, and then will experience differences between what they know and what they discover in the world around them. These ‘adaption processes’ enable the transition from one developmental stage to another, one of the most well-known of these are ‘schemas’, which a child will develop to help make sense of a changing environment. For example, a child may think that all dogs are black because they have a pet dog that is black, so on seeing a white dog, the schema will need to change to cope with this new information. Jerome Bruner Bruner believed that as children develop they use different ways of representing the world around them. In his research on the cognitive development of children he proposed three modes of representation: Enactive (0 – 1 years) This appears first, and involves encoding action-based information and storing it in our memory. For example, a baby might remember the action of shaking a rattle in the form of an actual movement, so it is a muscle memory. Iconic (1 – 6 years) This is where information is stored visually in the form of a mental images. For some people this is a conscious happening. This could explain why it is very often helpful to have diagrams or illustrations to accompany written or verbal information, so that the information can be visualised. Symbolic (7 years onwards) This develops last, and is the storing of information in the form of a code or symbol. Symbols are flexible, and can be manipulated, grouped, classified etc., so the child is not limited by actions or images. In this symbolic stage, knowledge is stored primarily as words/language, or mathematical symbols. These are known as modes of representation, and rather than being orderly stages of development, they are only loosely sequential and are gradually integrated into each other. Bruner’s work also suggests that even  a very young child is capable of learning any material as long as the work is worded or presented appropriately. Lev Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Development. This is where the potential learning capabilities of a child is determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or by interactions/collaborative working with more capable peers. Sociocultural Theory. Vygotsky also suggested that human development results from energetic interaction between individuals and society, where children learn gradually and continuously from parents and teachers. Trait theory This was put forward in 1936, by psychologist Gordon Allport, and unlike other theories, the trait approach focuses on the differences between people, and how the combination and interaction of similar traits creates a unique individual. Trait theory is aims to identify and measure these individual personality characteristics. A ‘Big Five’ theory emerged, which represents five fundamental traits that interact to form our personalities. The exact labels for each dimension are not set in stone by psychologists, but the following are used most commonly Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Neuroticism Openness Most people would agree that people can be described adequately based upon their personality traits, but there are some problems with this theory as it doesn’t address how or why personality differences develop, and also that traits can be a poor predictor of behaviour. The National Curriculum is a government framework that sets out a clear, full and con stitutional right to learning for all pupils. It determines the content of what will be taught, and sets achievement objectives for learning. It also determines how their performance will be assessed and reported. A successful national curriculum should be clear and comprehensive, and convey a full understanding of the skills and knowledge  that young people will gain at school. It should allow schools to meet the individual learning needs of pupils, whilst developing a strong character and ethos that is rooted in their local communities. It also provides a clear framework for all those involved in education to provide support for young people in their pursuit of further learning. Alongside the national curriculum is a government initiative known as ‘Every Child Matters’, or ECM. This applies to children and young adults up to the age of 19, or 24 for those with disabilities. Its main aims are that every child, whatever their background or circumstances, has a right to the support they need in order to- stay safe be healthy, enjoy and achieve, economic well-being positive contribution It is one of the most i mportant policy initiative and development programmes in relation to children, and was introduced partly in response to the shocking death of Victoria Climbià ¨ in 2000. In the past it has been felt that children and families have received poor service because of the failure of professionals to either understand each other’s roles or to work together effectively. The agencies in partnership may include children’s centres, early years, schools, children’s social work services, primary and secondary health services, playwork, and Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS). ECM was an attempt to eliminate this poor service, stressing the importance of all professionals working with children, and making them aware that working together in the interests of the child was of the utmost importance. Reading through the aims and initiatives in both these government-led frameworks there are clear correlations with some of the work that has been carried out by psychologists into child development. Piaget’s work was extremely influential in developing educational policy and teaching. A review of primary education by the UK government in 1966 was based strongly on Piaget’s theory, and the result of this review led to the publication of the Plowden report in 1967. Discovery learning was the idea that children learn best through doing and actively exploring, and was seen as central to the  transformation of our primary school curriculum.it was also suggested there should be more flexibility in the curriculum, using the environment to learn, and to recognise the importance of each child’s progress not just measurable evaluations. Piaget’s theory is based upon biological maturation, promotes the notion of ‘readiness’ as being important, in other words, the right time for certain information or concepts to be taught is when they have reached the appropriate stage of cognitive development. A learner, according to Piaget, should be active, not passive, because problem-solving skills cannot be taught, they must be discovered. In the classroom this translates as pupil centred learning, where the role of the teaching staff is to facilitate learning rather than by direct tuition. Within the classroom the following methods are used; Focus on the learning process, not just the end result. Use active methods that involve rediscovering, or reconstructing ‘truths’ Use both collaborative and individual activities, as children can learn from each other as well as on their own. Devise situations that present problems for the child to solve. Regularly evaluate development levels so that appropriate tasks can be set for children. For Bruner, the purpose of education should not be just to impart knowledge, but to facilitate a child’s thinking and problem solving skills, so they can then be transferred to a range of situations. Bruner opposed Piaget’s notion of readiness, and argued that it was a waste of time trying to match the difficulty of subject material to a child’s cognitive stage of development. This means students are held back by teachers as certain topics are deemed too challenging so must only be taught when the teacher believes the child has reached the appropriate state of cognitive maturity. Bruner believed that a child of any age is capable of understanding complex information, and proposed the idea of the ‘spiral curriculum’. This is teaching that is structured so that complex ideas can be taught at a simplified level first, and then re-visited at gradually increasing levels of difficulty later on. Teaching this way should lead to children being able to solve problems by themselves. We can see then that the role of the teacher should not be to teach information by  rote learning, but instead to facilitate the learning process. A good teacher will design lessons that help children discover the connection between small amounts of information. To do this a teacher must provide children with the information they need, but without organising it for them A contemporary educational application of Vygotsky’s theories is known as â€Å"reciprocal teaching†, and is used to improve the children’s ability to learn from text. In this method, teac hing staff and children work together in learning and practicing four key skills: summarising, questioning, clarifying, and predicting. In my voluntary work at Lady Bay Primary, I use this when reading with children, either individually or in groups. Often the children offer the extra information even before I have prompted them. This is the beginning of a gradual reduction of the teacher’s role in the learning process. Vygotsky is also linked to instructional ideas such as â€Å"scaffolding† and â€Å"apprenticeship†, in which a teacher or more advanced peer can help structure or organise a task so that a child can work on it successfully. Vygotsky’s theories are relevant to the current interest in collaborative learning, suggesting that when working together in groups there should be different levels of ability so the more advanced children can help those who are working at a lower level of ability. Again this is a system that works well within my class of year 1’s, and they help and encourage each other in the task almost without noticing. B.F. Skinner’s research into behaviour modification has translated into the classroom in several ways, token economy and behaviour shaping. Token economy is a system in which targeted behaviours are reinforced with tokens (secondary reinforcers) and are later exchanged for rewards (primary reinforcers). Tokens can be in the form of fake money, buttons, poker chips, stickers, etc. and rewards can range be anything from snacks to privileges/activities. Within our school we use this system, in more than one guise. Our ‘dragons gold’ tokens are given out for a variety of different positive behaviours, and after reaching a certain amount the child is able to choose an activity as a reward. An even simpler way of instilling positive reinforcement in behaviour modification is by giving compliments, approval, encouragement, and affirmation when appropriate. The current practice in any child/young people’s development programme needs  to meet certain requirements aimed at their maturity level. It must also respect a child’s psychological needs and promote feelings of safety, security and belonging. By promoting interactive learning, and building conceptual understanding a curriculum will uphold and encourage the advancement of learning abilities, and provide children with a solid foundation on which to build their life and learning skills.

Nevada Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Nevada, the Silver State 2019

Thanks in large part to its gaming industry, Nevada boasts a healthy economy for working professionals and full-time students. It also offers an extensive network of Nevada colleges and universities for individuals in search of career advancement. Students from all life situations can easily find a degree program that meets their educational and financial needs in the state of Nevada. Top Nevada Industries Employ Graduates of Nevada Colleges and Universities As the only state to legalize gambling, Nevada has a thriving tourist industry. Nellis Air Force Base and the Nevada Test Site military facilities provide additional employment for graduates of universities in Nevada. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the top 5 Nevada industries include: Nevada Leisure Hospitality. Nevada Trade, Transportation, Utilities. Nevada Professional Business Services. Nevada Construction. Nevada Government. Graduates of Nevada Universities and Colleges Enter a Thriving Local Economy The manufacturing of aerospace equipment, seismic monitoring equipment, and gaming machines are additional contributors to an already strong economy in Nevada. Nevada college graduates have little reason to pursue out-of-state careers in a state that boasts: The September, 2017 Nevada unemployment rate was 4.1%, compared to the national average of 4.8%. 1,248,300 people are employed in Nevada. The 2016 2017 Nevada median household income was $48,496, approximately $2,000 above the national average. The 2017 Nevada gross state product was $88 billion. .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211:active, .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u62806deb2408d18dd71cf0e9c2816211:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The Development of Information TechnologyNevada Colleges and Universities Offer Unique Combinations of Campus-based and Online Learning Whether living in Las Vegas or Northern Nevada, working professionals throughout the state have access to Nevada colleges and universities. Students can choose between campus-based and online learning programs, or combine programs through schools, such as: Kaplan University at Heritage College: Las Vegas College Campus and Online Programs. University Of Phoenix: Las Vegas University Campus, Reno College Campus, and Online Programs. ITT Technical Institute: Henderson College Campus, Las Vegas University Campus, and Online Programs. For an extensive list of Nevada colleges and universities, students are encouraged to visit College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Prospective students will also find links to informative articles about making education and career decisions in the state of Nevada. Related ArticlesDelaware Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based EducationIowa Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Iowa, the Hawkeye StateNorth Dakota Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in North DakotaMontana Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Montana, the Treasure StateNebraska Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Nebraska, the Cornhusker StateVirginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Virginia, the Old Dominion State .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0 , 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83:active, .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u3c7264a039761252f83b2db18a576f83:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Degree Programs The Pros and Cons of Enrolling in Higher Education through Distance Programs

Corporate Social Responsibility And The Garment Industry

Part 5 (12%): Address the global garment industry’s record in terms of: 1. Corporate Social Responsibility (the concept); 2. Corporate Social Responsiveness (in practice); 3. Corporate Social Performance (auditing, reporting, communication). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Global Garment Industry Through Corporate Socially Responsibility, a company voluntarily operates the corporation economically, legally, ethically, and philanthropically. The organization makes sure that each employee is critical and running operations morally. Most companies that operate in this manner tend to be quite successful because if the company were to manage irresponsibly, it would affect the business tremendously. Engaging in Corporately Social†¦show more content†¦They have much likely paid their workers less than minimum wage, and made profit for different companies because they do not have to pay the $11.25 per worker like they have to in North America for over 1000 workers. Which is why, garment industries have to be economically aware if this is fair for the worker and if it wont effect their company’s reputation. (http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Report/2011/pdf/410_ch3.pdf) Legal responsibility obligates the organization to follow certain rules and regulations of the countries current governing system (Crane Matten, 2010). For every company, they have to follow the rule of the governing country. Usually the garment industry, their main concern is child labour. Despite the promises the retailers made to improve conditions after the Rana Plaza, where 1,130 people had passed away, young 13 year old children work up to 11 hours a day, and are kicked, slapped, and hit with a used fabric roll as well as abused with verbal threats and insults. (http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/06/bangladesh-garment-factories-child-labour-uk). As you can see companies only really care about the profits though child labour is illegal; but in Bangladesh since it isn’t, companies do to this under the table, in order to maintain profits. Therefore, most companies do not deal

Analysis Of Oticon s Management Board Essay - 1991 Words

This report is requested by Oticon’s Management Board. Its purpose is to analyse and review existing strategy and processes and to advice on strategic options for managing change. The audience is Oticon’s Chief Executive Officer and Management Board members who support company’s mission statement of ‘helping people with hearing difficulties to life as they wish’ and recognised the need for businesses to constantly reshape their ideas to survive†. Audience is familiar with the terms used in this report and have a comprehensive understanding of their meaning in the given context. Background/Constrains At Oticon, we take pride in being a leader in aid hearing industry and a pioneer in questioning procedures and implementing change. Mid 80’ brought decreased sales, financial and organisational problems, that our transformational leader Lars Kolind tackled the effects by abolishing formal organization, disorganizing Oticon and creating a spaghetti organization. Our focus on customer feedback and project focus based team led to launching DigiFocus, Oticon’s technological breakthrough and world’s first digital aid hearing. Now, yet again, it is time to challenge the status quo and scrutinise ourselves in order to stay aware of markets demand and respond quickly and better than competitors. Change is a difficult process full of pitfalls and therefore knowledge of how to coordinate it is a basic requirement of implementing change. Various studies in strategic management must beShow MoreRelatedOticon Case Study Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study OTICON Todays knowledge special: spaghetti Knowledge has been recognized as a valuable resource necessary for organizational growth and sustained competitive advantage, especially for organizations competing in uncertain environment. Grant (1996) and Liebeskind (1996) argued that knowledge is an organizations most valuable resource because it represents intangible assets, operational routines and creative processes that are hard to imitate. This is probably why Oticon focuses soRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Cou rier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

Accounting System in Australian Banks-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss how the Information Technology has affected the Accounting System in Australian Banks? Answer: Literature Review Introduction Banking industry is the heart of every strong economy and IT and communication is an inherent part of banking. To cope up with the development on a global scale, modify the system of customer service delivery, lessen the cost of transaction, Australian banks have started investing to implement information and communication technology. Adopting the implementation of ICT has been beneficial for providing a wide range of services and goods. Developing the information and communication technology tools has a notable effect on the development of customer- friendly banking services. Due to globalization and competition in the banking industry by the service providers it has become necessary to understand the aspect of customer behavior after responding to the customer service delivery. This paper reflects the review of the previous researchers to analyze the impact of information and communication technology on the accounting system. Customer service and satisfaction are the prime factors of this research along with the impact of banks performance and delivery of customer service in the banking sector is a wide area. While, the areas related to the customer point of view are considered to be less debatable (Asongu, 2014). Background To understand and scrutinize the impact of the information and communication technology on the performance of the Australian bank, the researcher reviewed several journals, literature and articles regarding the subject. Due to the recent competition and globalization banks these days have started offering 24 hours of services but still there arises question about safety and inconvenience. Information and communication technology tends to offer the services like reducing of payroll expenses and increasing the market share along with the profit and revenue. The crisis situation has lead to reduction in income of the banks and strategic responses are also hampered. The trend of internal cost cutting, accusation and mergers seem to alter the shape of banking industry. The paper shows if the banks have had enough income and providing high quality services. It finds out the significance and impact on the performance of the bank and the delivery of customer service. The important issues tha t can help in preventing the customers from facing inconvenience are ease of use and being compatible with the life style (Gossart, 2015). Aim and objectives The aim of this research is to identify the characteristic of the customers in contemporary banking industry, find out the factors influencing the service availability of customers after adopting ICT and to analyze the strategies that can help in reducing the challenges faced by the Australian banks. Role of ICT in Banking Whenever there is any crisis the bank suffers insufficiency. Improvised information and communication technology which is supported by a better control of mechanism is needed to convince that information and communication technology has attained the necessary process of insufficiency. A review of some literature by researchers showed that information and communication technology or ICT might have a negative impact on the efficiency of banks and lead to a decrease in productivity. As ICT has become modernized, there is outstanding improvement in the overall procedure of the banks. Development of the banks worldwide has decreased the value and transfer of global funds. Such banks that use ICT related products like information exchange, electronic payments, security investments, online banking and financial organizations can provide the best quality of customer services with much lesser effort (Heeks, Subramanian Jones, 2015). The two beneficial outcomes for the merging of ICT and bank s performance are- ICT is responsible for lowering the operational cost of banks. For example, internet facilities in banks have sped up their system and have accomplished standard value with extra transaction like payment of bills and enquiring about balance through online. ICT can also help in promotion of transaction among customers who are in the same network. ICT has totally amended the shape and size of competition in the banking sector. According to some researcher it is claimed that the positive impacts of ICT expenses to business value are approved. The interest of network effect is remarkable in using the ATMs or Automated Teller Machines. The influence of the evolution of ICT on the cost effectiveness and profit of the banking sector within a time period, describes the relationship between the usage of ICT, cost savings and productivity. ICT or information communication technology has a large impact on the level of firm. It is determined that IT capital contributes to 81% of increase in output and non IT capital contributes to 6%. In the same way it is elucidated that information system professionals are more than double the productivity of the non information system professionals (Holtgrewe, 2014). Challenges of IT application The significant changes in banking sector have forced them to improvise their services and strategies. The primary challenge faced by the banks are to hold on to advancing ICT for creating and retaining long term relationship with customers by adopting new techniques that help in electronic banking. The review has showed that ICTs are an appropriate medium for operation of banking activities with the customers because of saving cost and the speed at which information is disseminated. Global banking industry is the most updated industry with respect to the usage of mobile and internet technologies. Most of the countries, especially the developing ones are yet to embrace the technologies (Khan Fasih, 2014). Due to this reason both the banks and the customers are likely to face hurdles. There are certain factors which indicate that banking sector can use their self- service technologies for building relationships. The infrastructure of Australian banks is another challenge faced by the m which should be better in order to serve the customers better. Their need to associate for new technological equipments will provide a standard service on part of the banks. They also need to improve their IT system and develop the operational activities of the bank. There is a need for them to modify the contemporary telecommunication infrastructure. Governments and the Australian citizens need to be more aware for gaining long term investments in the telecommunication industry. They should also emphasize on the maintenance of the previous infrastructure and the equipments (Moradi-Motlagh Babacan, 2015). Consumers behavior Consumer behavior is such a characteristic that needs regular observation. Standard of living, urbanization, increase in awareness, deregulation, globalization, has resulted in the increase of preference change which has forced the banks to change their original features of products and the customer service delivery. Observing and studying consumer behavior is necessary in the banking sector to know about the needs and wants of the customers so that the services can be offered accordingly. Customers have their demand in a specific segment and banks need to study their characteristic in order to meet that specific demand (Salahuddin, Alam Ozturk, 2016). Research questions To what extent has IT affected the financial performance of Australian banks? To what extent the use of IT has helped the employees of Australian banks in their operational activities? Methods of analysis The research could be done with a proper plan and methodology by collecting secondary data. It refers to the data collected from the journals, books or articles of the previous researches. For the successful completion of the research both primary and secondary data needs to be collected. But in this research only secondary data needs to be collected which will the researcher to go through the articles, books, journal that has already been published (Sassi Goaied, 2013). Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Selection of topic Literature review Methodology Secondary data collection Interpretation and analysis Recommendation Conclusion Final submission Table 1: Gantt chart Source: As created by the author Conclusion Banking sector is the main platform on which every economy stands. There are various challenges like competition, deregulation, globalization, and an increasingly high cost for installation of ICT and their maintenance. Utilizing of ICT can help in reducing the cost but the impact on the profitability is indecisive due to the possible outcome of ICT. The feasible result arises because of the consistency in an increasing demand for skilled labor, high expectation from the customers end to meet the service delivery, truthfulness of the information system and competence in the financial services. This assignment has focused on some reviews from the literature where the authors did not find ICT, for delivering customer service and profitable for banks financial performance. Moreover, there are studies that state that as a result of the risk of security, lack of awareness, lack of convenience or comfort or age factor or may be some other reasons are responsible for rejection by the custom ers. In spite of these factors, banks sometimes are unable to provide high quality customer services due to which customers who were ready to adopt the new system moved back. Banks sometimes failed to build up the required electronic system for customers which made them shift away from the new innovation. References Asongu, S. A. (2014). Knowledge economy and financial sector competition in African countries.African Development Review,26(2), 333-346. Gossart, C. (2015). Rebound effects and ICT: a review of the literature. InICT innovations for sustainability(pp. 435-448). Springer, Cham. Heeks, R., Subramanian, L., Jones, C. (2015). Understanding e-waste management in developing countries: Strategies, determinants, and policy implications in the Indian ICT sector.Information Technology for Development,21(4), 653-667. Holtgrewe, U. (2014). New new technologies: the future and the present of work in information and communication technology.New technology, work and employment,29(1), 9-24. Khan, M. M., Fasih, M. (2014). Impact of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Evidence from Banking Sector.Pakistan Journal of Commerce Social Sciences,8(2). Moradi-Motlagh, A., Babacan, A. (2015). The impact of the global financial crisis on the efficiency of Australian banks.Economic Modelling,46, 397-406. Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., Ozturk, I. (2016). Is rapid growth in Internet usage environmentally sustainable for Australia? An empirical investigation.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,23(5), 4700-4713. Sassi, S., Goaied, M. (2013). Financial development, ICT diffusion and economic growth: Lessons from MENA region.Telecommunications Policy,37(4), 252-261. Shahiduzzaman, M., Alam, K. (2014). The long-run impact of Information and Communication Technology on economic output: The case of Australia.Telecommunications Policy,38(7), 623-633. Soja, P., Cunha, P. R. D. (2015). ICT in transition economies: narrowing the research gap to developed countries. Stromquist, N. P., Monkman, K. (Eds.). (2014).Globalization and education: Integration and contestation across cultures. RL Education. Tarut?, A., Gatautis, R. (2014). ICT impact on SMEs performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, 1218-1225.

Womens Rights Essay Example For Students

Womens Rights Essay Womens RightsWe live in an age where women have gained access, and freedoms to explore a wide range of interests, and life styles more then they ever could in the past. Freedoms to enter the mans work force. Freedom to hold banking accounts, and get mortgages, and loans. In some states, they even have the freedom to marry the same sex. In this age of increasing change, there is one area that I feel women should be protected from, and that is hand to hand combat. I was raised in a household where both parents were in the workforce, and raised two children at the same time. I was what you would call a latchkey child, I came home every day to a bowl of cereal, cartoons, and an empty house. However, at home the traditional gender roles were followed, I took out the trash, and mowed the lawn, while my mother and sister cooked meals, and washed clothes. I believe in traditional roles, because they work. I missed having my parents around, to talk to, and ask advise. It is my hope!that the y outh of tomorrow will have a mother to come home to, to laugh, ask advise, and most importantly to love. We will write a custom essay on Womens Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Situated at the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery, there is a memorial being built. The Women in Military Service for America Memorial will recognize the 1.8 million women who have served from the American Revolution to present, according to the Air Force News service. The idea of women serving in the military in not a new concept, the idea Architects model for the Women in Military Service For America Memorial. The memorial is planned for the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D.Cof them serving in hand to hand combat, however is. There is currently a law that keeps women out of combat, and protects them from direct harm. Several issues come into play when you consider women serving in the military, including childcare, pregnancy, sexual harassment, and physical requirements. When it comes to child care, often the services provided on base are not accessible at the times needed, and when the parents are stationed overseas, they must deal with non-English speaking care-givers. Sexual harassment (as we have seen over and over in dozens of news reports of women being assaulted or harassed by their superiors) is prevalent in the military. Young women arrive at training grounds straight out of boot camp after weeks pushing their physical limits. They are taught above all else to respect authority and to follow orders. What many encountered at this early moment in their military careers was, at minimum, abuse by the authority they were supposed to respect. What others encountered were, at worst, orders that Sgt. Delmar G. Simpson is said to have given more than one of his alleged rape victims: If you ever tell anyone about this, Ill hurt you.There has been debate about whether or not women should have a separate boot camp, or if they should remain integrated with the men. There are positive and negative aspects to each of these cases. If the men and women are integrated, they learn to work together, respect each other abilities, and learn how the opposite sex react to high-pressure situations. If however, the training was segregated, then there would be less of a chance of a female officer coming under friendly fire of sexual combat, from their own superiors. I feel that women should be protected from physical harm, i.e. hand to hand combat, as well as emotional harm. The question we need to ask ourselves is Are we willing to pay the price to have our mothers in combat?Works CitedAir force news service. Memorial to honor women servicemembers http://www.af.mil/pa/Jun95/an062095_20jun95_645.htmlGoodman, Ellen. Women put in harms way Boston Globe 16 Nov. 1996.Military Woman Home Page Military Family Life and Childcarehttp://www.militarywoman.org/family.htm Womens Rights Essay Example For Students Womens Rights Essay We live in an age where women have gained access, and freedoms to explore a wide range of interests, and life styles more then they ever could in the past. Freedoms to enter the mans work force. Freedom to hold banking accounts, and get mortgages, and loans. In some states, they even have the freedom to marry the same sex. In this age of increasing change, there is one area that I feel women should be protected from, and that is hand to hand combat. I was raised in a household where both parents were in the workforce, and raised two children at the same time. We will write a custom essay on Womens Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I was what you would call a latchkey child, I came home every day to a bowl of cereal, cartoons, and an empty house. However, at home the traditional gender roles were followed, I took out the trash, and mowed the lawn, while my mother and sister cooked meals, and washed clothes. I believe in traditional roles, because they work. I missed having my parents around, to talk to, and ask advise. It is my hope! that the youth of tomorrow will have a mother to come home to, to laugh, ask advise, and most importantly to love. Situated at the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery, there is a memorial being built. The Women in Military Service for America Memorial will recognize the 1. 8 million women who have served from the American Revolution to present, according to the Air Force News service. The idea of women serving in the military in not a new concept, the idea Architects model for the Women in Military Service For America Memorial. The memorial is planned for the gateway to Arlington National Cemetery in Washington, D. C of them serving in hand to hand combat, however is. There is currently a law that keeps women out of combat, and protects them from direct harm. Several issues come into play when you consider women serving in the military, including childcare, pregnancy, sexual harassment, and physical requirements. When it comes to child care, often the services provided on base are not accessible at the times needed, and when the parents are stationed overseas, they must deal with non-English speaking care-givers. Sexual harassment as we have seen over and over in dozens of news reports of women being assaulted or harassed by their superiors is prevalent in the military. Young women arrive at training grounds straight out of boot camp after weeks pushing their physical limits. They are taught above all else to respect authority and to follow orders. What many encountered at this early moment in their military careers was, at minimum, abuse by the authority they were supposed to respect. What others encountered were, at worst, orders that Sgt. Delmar G. Simpson is said to have given more than one of his alleged rape victims: If you ever tell anyone about this, Ill hurt you. There has been debate about whether or not women should have a separate boot camp, or if they should remain integrated with the men. There are positive and negative aspects to each of these cases. If the men and women are integrated, they learn to work together, respect each other abilities, and learn how the opposite sex react to high-pressure situations. If however, the training was segregated, then there would be less of a chance of a female officer coming under friendly fire of sexual combat, from their own superiors. I feel that women should be protected from physical harm, i. e. hand to hand combat, as well as emotional harm. The question we need to ask ourselves is Are we willing to pay the price to have our mothers in combat?